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A candidate must submit a thesis or dissertation which should consist of original academic research which is fit to be published. In some countries the procedure is that the candidate must defend his work before a panel of expert examiners. This is called a ’viva’ in some countries. In some other countries the dissertation or thesis is examined by a panel of expert examiners and who consider that the dissertation is passable and the issues to be addressed before the dissertation could be passed. IN these countries no oral defense takes place. IN India the former type of Phd Degree Requirements are in place.